During the Design phase of the ADDIE model, instructional designers develop a blueprint for the instructional materials and activities based on the findings from the Analysis phase. The Design phase is where the instructional strategies, content structure, delivery methods, and assessment strategies are planned in detail. Here’s what typically happens during the Design phase:
- Setting Learning Objectives: Designers refine and finalize the learning objectives identified during the Analysis phase. Learning objectives are specific, measurable statements that describe what learners should be able to do or know after completing the instruction. Designers ensure that the objectives are aligned with the overall goals of the instructional program and are appropriate for the target audience.
- Selecting Instructional Strategies: Designers choose instructional strategies and methods that are most suitable for achieving the learning objectives and meeting the needs of the learners. This may include selecting approaches such as lectures, discussions, group activities, simulations, case studies, problem-solving tasks, multimedia presentations, or online modules. The selection of instructional strategies is informed by factors such as the characteristics of the learners, the nature of the content, and the available resources.
- Storyboarding and Sequencing Content: Designers create a storyboard or outline that organizes the instructional content and activities in a logical sequence. This includes determining the flow of information, organizing topics or modules, and structuring learning interactions. Storyboarding helps designers visualize how the instructional materials will be presented and how learners will navigate through the content.
- Designing Instructional Materials: Designers develop the actual instructional materials and resources needed for the instruction. This may involve creating slideshows, handouts, worksheets, reading materials, multimedia presentations, interactive simulations, online modules, or other learning resources. Designers ensure that the instructional materials are engaging, relevant, and aligned with the learning objectives and instructional strategies.
- Planning Assessments: Designers design assessments to measure learner progress and achievement of learning objectives. This includes developing quizzes, tests, exams, projects, presentations, or other assessment methods. Designers align assessments with the learning objectives and instructional content, ensuring that they accurately measure the desired learning outcomes.
- Considering Learner Engagement and Motivation: Designers incorporate elements that enhance learner engagement and motivation throughout the instructional design. This may include incorporating interactive activities, real-world examples, storytelling, gamification elements, feedback mechanisms, or opportunities for learner reflection and self-assessment.
Overall, the Design phase of the ADDIE model is where instructional designers translate the findings from the Analysis phase into a detailed plan for the instructional materials and activities. By setting learning objectives, selecting instructional strategies, storyboarding content, designing materials, planning assessments, and considering learner engagement, designers create a blueprint for effective instruction that guides the Development phase.
For more information, check out our free eLearning course, Overview of the ADDIE Process.